In our series of Hard Disk Drive guides, here’s the latest update to our list of recommended HDDs. All numbers in the text are updated to reflect pricing at the time of writing.

Best Internal Hard Drives: Holiday 2023

Data storage requirements have kept increasing over the last several years. SSDs have taken over the role of the primary drive in most computing systems. However, when it comes to sheer bulk storage, hard drives (HDDs) continue to be the storage media of choice in areas dealing with large amounts of relatively cold data.

Since the release of the last HDD guide, we have seen the announcement of 24TB CMR drives from both Seagate and Western Digital. The 22TB and lower capacity drives have also seen price reductions. Meanwhile consumer SSDs have seen a resurgence of their own, thanks to a recent (and temporary) bust in flash memory prices. Even with this, it's not enough to challenge large HDDs on a $/GB basis, but it's made things a bit more interesting at the 8TB capacity point.

Looking at the state of the hard drive market this fall, Synology has been selling 4TB - 18TB enterprise hard drives (rebranded Toshiba Enterprise HDDs with custom firmware), though they are meant specifically for Synology NAS units (no warranties if used in other systems). Elsewhere, as the distinction between data center / enterprise drives and consumer NAS drives start to blur amid the contracting market, Toshiba's MG09 HDDs based on FC-MAMR and Western Digital's Ultrastar DC series of data center drives have now been added to our charts.


2023 - New HDDs from Western Digital and Seagate

From a gaming perspective, install sizes of hundreds of GBs are not uncommon for modern games. Long-term backup storage and high-capacity NAS units for consumer use are also ideal use-cases for hard drives. The challenge in picking any hard drive, of course, is balancing workload needs with total drive costs. Most consumers in a non-business settings also require low-power and low-noise, yet, high capacity drives, which we're including as an explicit category as well.

In the current market, the WD Gold, WD Ultrastar DC, and Seagate Exos Enterprise are the only available 24TB options. However, for consumers needing absolute lowest cost at other capacities, the Seagate Exos series fits the bill, with unbelievably low prices compared to other 'consumer' HDDs at similar capacity points. At other capacity points, the most cost-effective drives vary even when similar workload ratings are considered. It must be noted that, as server-focused drives, the Exos series drives are relatively noisy and consume much more power compared to other drives tuned for specific use cases - such as the Toshiba X300 for desktop usage, or the WD Red SMR drives for read-heavy / sparing writes scenarios.

There are many different factors that influence the choice of HDD for a particular use-case. Power consumption and acoustics are in that list, but the differences in those aspects between different HDD families is not a significant concern. The delta in power consumption is usually minor compared to that of the NAS / computer system hosting the drives. Most NAS systems are tucked out of earshot. Desktop systems requiring massive storage capacity generally have active cooling, and the delta in sound ratings between different HDD families is again negligible compared to the noise from the system fans. Keeping these in mind, we have tuned our buyer's guide based on two relevant metrics - workload rating and warranty period.

2023 Q4 HDD Recommendations - Workload Basis
(as of November 20, 2023)
Workload (TB/year) Drive Family Capacity (TB) $/TB Purchase Link
550 Seagate Exos Enterprise 10 12 $120
(Newegg)
300 Toshiba N300 Pro 18 16.11 $290
(Amazon)
$310
(Newegg)
180 Seagate IronWolf NAS 12 16.67 $200
(Amazon)
55 Toshiba X300 10 14.5 $145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

It goes without saying that consumers looking for a lower workload rating drive should also check out the ones with higher workload ratings, unless the power consumption and acoustics are very important factors. Enterprise drives with higher workload ratings are typically engineered to last longer, use higher quality components, and have longer warranties. Which brings us to the recommendations based on warranty period: unsurprisingly, the players in the workload table get repeated here too.

2023 Q4 HDD Recommendations - Warranty Basis
(as of November 20, 2023)
Warranty (years) Drive Family Capacity (TB) $/TB Purchase Link
5 Seagate Exos Enterprise 10 12 $120
(Newegg)
3 Seagate IronWolf NAS 12 16.67 $200
(Amazon)
2 Toshiba X300 10 14.5 $145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

There are three active vendors in the consumer hard drive space - Seagate, Toshiba, and Western Digital. Their retail offerings currently top out at 24TB, 20TB, and 24TB respectively.

Consumers looking to purchase hard-drives need to have a rough idea of the use-cases they are going to subject the drives to. Based on that, a specific set of metrics needs to be considered. We first take a look at the different metrics that matter, and how various hard drives stack up against each other. Since many hard drive families from different vendors can satisfy the requirements, it may all come down to the pricing. We will present a pricing matrix for various hard drive families against the available capacities.

For our guide, we're narrowing down the vast field of hard drives to the following models/families. In particular, we are excluding surveillance-focused drives such as the WD Purple or Seagate SkyHawk, since these drives are based on the same technology, but often carry a price premium. Meanwhile, we're also making sure to include some of the enterprise / datacenter SATA drives that are available for purchase from e-tailers, as these sometimes offer some great deals in terms of capacity-per-dollar. We have stopped considering the SMR-based WD Red in the guide - with capacities topping out at 6TB and being ill-suited for most NAS use-cases, it is a drive family that is best avoided for general usage.

  1. Seagate IronWolf NAS
  2. Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS
  3. Seagate Exos Enterprise
  4. Toshiba MG Series
  5. Toshiba N300
  6. Toshiba N300 Pro
  7. Toshiba X300
  8. Toshiba X300 Pro
  9. Western Digital Gold
  10. Western Digital Red Plus
  11. Western Digital Red Pro
  12. Western Digital Ultrastar DC Series

A few notes are in order - the Seagate Barracuda Pro that used to appear in previous guides is no longer in consideration. Seagate has not updated this lineup as of late, and we see their IronWolf drives being a very capable alternative to the Barracuda Pro in almost all use-cases. We are also not considering sub-10TB models in this guide. With the increased availability (and decreased price) of 8TB SATA SSDs, we believe the market for sub-10TB drives will disappear, except for legacy RAID arrays looking for replacements without a capacity increase.

Metrics that Matter

One of the easiest ways to narrow down the search for a suitable hard drive is to look at the target market of each family. The table below lists the suggested target market for each hard drive family we are considering today.

Hard Drive Families - Target Markets
Drive Family Target Markets
Seagate IronWolf NAS NAS Units up to 8 bays
(Home, SOHO, and Small Business)
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS NAS Units up to 24 bays
(Creative Pros, SOHO, and Small to Medium Enterprises)
Seagate Exos Enterprise Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
Toshiba N300 NAS Units up to 8 bays
Toshiba N300 Pro NAS Units up to 24 bays
(Creative Pros, SOHO, and Small to Medium Enterprises)
Toshiba X300 Professional Desktops, Home Media or Gaming PCs
Toshiba X300 Pro Professional Workstations, and Heavy-Duty Desktops
Toshiba MG Series Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
WD Gold Enterprise, Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage
WD Red Plus NAS Units up to 8 bays
WD Red Pro NAS Units up to 24 bays
WD Ultrastar DC Series Datacenter and Bulk Cloud Storage

After filtering out models that don't apply to your use-case (as an example, for usage in a 4-bay NAS enclosure, one could rule out the Toshiba X300 straight away), we can then take a look at how the specifications of various drive families compare.

Hard Drive Families - Metrics of Interest
Drive Family Rated Workload (TB/yr) Rated Load / Unload Cycles Unrecoverable Read Errors MTBF (Hours) Warranty (Years)
Seagate IronWolf NAS 180 600K 1 in 10E15 1.0M 3
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS 300 600K 1 in 10E15 1.2M 5
Seagate Exos Enterprise 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
Toshiba N300 180 300K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 3
Toshiba N300 Pro 300 600K 1 in 10E14 1.2M 5
Toshiba X300 N/A (55?) 300K 1 in 10E14 0.6M 2
Toshiba X300 Pro 300 300K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 5
Toshiba MG10 Series 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
WD Gold 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5
WD Red Plus 180 600K 1 in 10E14 1.0M 3
WD Red Pro 300 600K 1 in 10E15 1.0M 5
WD Ultrastar DC Series 550 600K 1 in 10E15 2.5M 5

Based on these metrics, it is clear that the enterprise drives (Seagate Exos Enterprise, Toshiba MG Series, WD Gold, and WD Ultrastar DC Series) are rated to be more reliable in the long run over a big sample set. However, most consumer use-cases do not need a 550 TB/yr workload rating. 180 - 300 TB/yr workload rating is plenty reasonable for most users when the drives are going to be used as part of RAID arrays.

Pricing Matrix and Concluding Remarks

The matrix below shows the current pricing for each available capacity point in all the considered hard drive families. The drives are segmented based on their workload ratings.

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class - 550 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Seagate IronWolf Pro NAS - $400
(Amazon)
$350
(Amazon)
$350 ( $330 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$330
(Amazon)
$349 ( $289 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$270
(Amazon)
$270 ( $250 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$245
(Amazon)
$230
(Amazon)
$230 ( $220 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$235
(Amazon)
Toshiba MG Series - - $320
(Amazon)
$381
(Newegg)
$310
(Amazon)
$323
(Newegg)
$245
(Amazon)
$245
(Newegg)
$211
(Newegg)
$212
(Amazon)
$256
(Newegg)
$214
(Amazon)
$250
(Newegg)
WD Gold $630
(WD)
$550
(Amazon)
$550
(Newegg)
$489
(Amazon)
$545
(Newegg)
$419
(Amazon)
$420
(Newegg)
$352
(Amazon)
$360
(Newegg)
$307
(Amazon)
$320
(Newegg)
$279
(Amazon)
$280
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$262
(Newegg)
Seagate Exos Enterprise $713
(Insight)
$508
(Amazon)
$500
(Newegg)
$270
(Newegg)
$280
(Amazon)
$330 ( $260 w/ promo code )
(Newegg)
$262
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$225
(Amazon)
$120
(Newegg)
WD Ultrastar DC Series $630
(WD)
$460
(Amazon)
$390
(Amazon)
$345
(Newegg)
$330
(Amazon)
$339
(Newegg)
$300
(Amazon)
$285
(Newegg)
$235
(Amazon)
$208
(Amazon)
$264
(Amazon)
$262
(Newegg)
WD Red Pro - $417
(Amazon)
$420
(Newegg)
$380
(Amazon)
$380
(Newegg)
$349
(Amazon)
$350
(Newegg)
$320
(Amazon)
$320
(Newegg)
$300
(Amazon)
$300
(Newegg)
$260
(Amazon)
$260
(Newegg)
$240
(Amazon)
$240
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 300 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Toshiba X300 Pro - - - $355
(Amazon)
$355
(Newegg)
$309
(Amazon)
$240
(Amazon)
$240
(Newegg)
$260
(Amazon)
$260
(Newegg)
$180
(Amazon)
$180
(Newegg)
Toshiba N300 Pro - - - $290
(Amazon)
$310
(Newegg)
$290
(Amazon)
$290
(Newegg)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$229
(Amazon)
$229
(Newegg)
$211
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 180 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Seagate IronWolf NAS - - - $451
(Amazon)
$313
(Amazon)
$240
(Amazon)
$200
(Amazon)
$220
(Amazon)
WD Red Plus - - - - - $260
(Newegg)
$220
(Amazon)
$220
(Newegg)
$190
(Amazon)
$190
(Newegg)
Toshiba N300 - - - $390
(Amazon)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$250
(Newegg)
$210
(Amazon)
$208
(Newegg)
$185
(Amazon)
$185
(Newegg)

 

HDD Pricing Matrix (as of November 20, 2023)
(Workload Class 55 TB/year)
Drive Family 24TB 22TB 20TB 18TB 16TB 14TB 12TB 10TB
Toshiba X300 - - - $400
(Amazon)
$270
(Amazon)
$270
(Newegg)
$225
(Amazon)
$225
(Newegg)
$198
(Amazon)
$198
(Newegg)
$145
(Amazon)
$211
(Newegg)

 

Toshiba is the only vendor paying attention to the desktop storage market with regular updates to the X300 line. However, its reliability metrics are disappointing compared to the NAS drives from all three vendors. In most cases, using one of the NAS drives as a desktop HDD is a no-brainer. The X300 Pro is a good step up in that aspect. In fact, at the highest capacity, it is priced lower than the X300. That said, the Seagate Exos Enterprise at the 18TB capacity point presents the lowest $/TB metric, and wins our recommendation for this market segment despite the high power usage and noise factor. If a silent drive with relatively low power consumption is needed, the X300 Pro series could be an attractive alternative.

Prior to commenting on the other possible use-cases, one thing is clear from the above pricing matrix - if you absolutely require 24TB per disk, the WD Gold, Seagate Exos X24, and the WD Ultrastar DC Series are your only choices for purchase in the retail market currently.

On the SOHO / SMB NAS front, the Seagate Exos series and WD Gold, despite their enterprise background, continue to make a good case across multiple capacity points. The only places where the WD Red series (Pro and Plus) could edge out as a better choice are scenarios where the power consumption and noise need to be kept low. After poring over the datasheets, we have come to realize that the idle power consumption delta for the NAS-focused drives against the enterprise drives (Exos and Gold) is quite significant - sub-3W compared to 5W+. The acoustics across multiple capacity points are also much better. That said, these may not matter to a large segment of the audience for whom workload ratings, warranty, and cost are more important factors.

The IronWolf NAS models deliver slightly better performance compared to the WD Red / WD Red Plus, but, have correspondingly higher power consumption numbers. On the SMB / SME NAS front, the WD Red Pro has started reaching better price points compared to previous quarters, managing to undercut the IronWolf Pro across almost all capacities. However, a plus point for the IronWolf Pro is the inclusion of the Data Rescue Service for a 3-year period in addition to the usual warranty.

Based on the above analysis, the recommendations for the NAS drives are clear - for the absolute highest capacity drive currently in the market (if you have to compulsorily get one) - WD Gold for presenting the best $/TB metric. At other capacity points, it is the Seagate Exos Enterprise that wins out. The 10TB model is currently available for $120, and it presents the best $/TB metric by a huge margin.

 
 

Finally, a note on shucking – Drive prices have come down to such an extent that taking out the HDD from an external DAS (and losing the warranty in the process) is no longer worthwhile. Compelling prices often hide reliability issues and lowered workload ratings (HDDs are essentially binned, and allocated to different market segments based on their expected reliaability). In light of this, users should treat money spent on shucked drives as a sunk cost, and ensure that such drives are used only in non-critical scenarios.

 

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  • RedGreenBlue - Sunday, November 26, 2023 - link

    AnandTech and Toms Hardware are sister-sites owned by the same company. Or at least, last I read they were, it was a few years ago.
  • Ryan Smith - Saturday, November 25, 2023 - link

    For this guide we use both when available. In the case of the 20TB Exos, that is not available from Amazon US (only third party sellers who charge far more).

    All of that said, the majority of AnandTech's readership is from North America. So while we don't purposely exclude EU readers, our pricing focus is first and foremost on North America. Especially as prices (and thus what's cheaper than what) over in the EU can be wildly different from NA.
  • kkilobyte - Sunday, November 26, 2023 - link

    Thanks for your answer. I guess that's fair game, indeed; knowing this, though, it also means that I see no interest in keeping anandtech as a source of information.
  • Ryan Smith - Sunday, November 26, 2023 - link

    Yeah, sorry we can't be of more help on EU hard drive pricing. That's just one of those things where it's going to be hard to beat regional sites. To explicitly cover EU pricing, we'd basically have to write 2-3 additional hard drive guides to account for what's available in each country/region.

    The silver lining, at least, is that this is really only a guide problem. New products at least launch at specific MSRPs, which makes review pricing a lot more consistent worldwide.
  • BAPEHUK - Tuesday, December 5, 2023 - link

    Agree. By being a US focused, AnandTech disappoints everyone outside the bubble.
    Hey! EU is watching you!
  • tygrus - Saturday, November 25, 2023 - link

    Can you make the "HDD Recommendations - Warranty Basis"
    a $/TB/warranty_yr metric (lower is better)?
  • mrnewbro - Saturday, November 25, 2023 - link

    22TB Red Pro just dropped to $339 I think is pretty good deal
  • Arnulf - Sunday, November 26, 2023 - link

    Hey Ryan, I realize you are not actually doing a review and instead merely post datasheet metrics so how about including power consumption and noise levels in "Metrics of Interest" table? These would obviously be of interest to some of us and you already went through the trouble of copy-pasting MTBF and load/unload cycle ratings ...
  • BAPEHUK - Tuesday, December 5, 2023 - link

    Thanks AnandTech for review. I am reading you from EU and the pricing doesn't match to the one in US.
    I am also looking to your next acoustics testing of the HDDs we have on the market. Noise is a very important parameter for me. Please!
  • WaltC - Sunday, December 10, 2023 - link

    Decent comparative article--which came in handy as I just bought a Toshiba x300 Pro 8TB from Amazon for $139, with a 5-year, Ltd factory warranty included in the purchase. The article was informative, but as you accurately point out, a lot of the information is really spurious in its value. That's not a fault of the review, and it's not really a problem, but the information is confusing and often isn't even applicable to platter drives--such as the so-called "annual workload numbers" for these platter drives...;) What they've done is borrow the numbering from SSD marketing schemes which list the "wear and tear" & so-called "endurance" numbers in TBs written--which is *only an estimate* and is chiefly a marketing metric/gimmick as opposed to a literal fact. Indeed, only the length of time the drive is owned matters, because whether you write 3x the annual written TB data estimate within the warranty period, or you put one-third the TBs written in the warranty period--you are still covered only to the limit of the warranty period. What counts is how long you've owned the drive--not how many TBs you've written to it during the same period. The other numbers literally don't count in terms of anything the manufacturer guarantees for the *endurance* of the drive, the actual "endurance" being only the duration of the warranty period. As always, this is yet another Caveat Emptor situation. As long as people understand that "endurance estimates" that promise a lively drive long after the warranty period has elapsed--whatever period the warranty may cover--has expired, are meaningless--then no harm done...;)

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